We’re shaping  a more responsible steel industry.

This month, we were delighted to see JSW achieve its first ResponsibleSteel certifications for four sites in India, covering 83% of the company’s national steel production—an important milestone for Indian steel. And as steel policy continues to evolve rapidly worldwide, we've provided a summary of key developments from the EU, UK, China, and beyond.

We also celebrated International Women’s Day by highlighting the women driving change across the steel supply chain. In recognition of Global Recycling Day, we reflected on the history of steel recycling and the valuable lessons it offers in the journey toward responsible near-zero steel.

Additionally, we’re pleased to welcome three new members to the ResponsibleSteel community—PRCO America, ABS, and Yeşilyurt Demir Çelik. Welcome aboard!

In this newsletter, you will find updates on: 

• New certifications
• New members
• Policy developments
• Upcoming audits and training
• Member survey results 
• And more...

Click here to read the full newsletter.

To mark Global Recycling Day, Matthew Wenban-Smith reflects on the history of steel recycling and what it tells us about the transition to a net-zero steel economy in the future.

When it comes to recycling, it is worth taking the long view. For the first few thousand years, iron and steel recycling meant reworking rather than re-melting. The development of the blast furnace around one thousand years ago made it possible to convert steel scrap into liquid metal. And the first commercial Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), capable of using 100% scrap, was built in 1906.

Smaller, less costly to build, and more flexible to operate than blast furnaces, the spread of EAFs through the 20th century was limited only by the availability of scrap and electricity.

In the US, as demand for new steel approached saturation and as the steel in infrastructure and buildings constructed 40 or 50 years previously became available for recovery and recycling, scrap-based EAF production began to replace blast furnace steelmaking, even as the blast furnaces themselves used more scrap. Blast furnace production peaked in 1969, and no new blast furnace has been built in the US since 1980 (Construction Physics, 2023). Today, around 70% of steel in the US is made in EAFs (American Iron and Steel Institute, 2021).

The same pattern of increasing demand, met initially from primary production and then later through a growing reliance on scrap, is now playing itself out in Europe and China, is set to take off in south Asia, and it is to be hoped will roll out across Africa. Steel production globally is projected to peak in the second half of the 21st century, with scrap supply following 30 or 40 years after that.

The growth of scrap-based production has been driven by economics, of course, rather than by any concerns about the climate or greenhouse gas emissions – but that doesn’t make it any less welcome. A tonne of steel made entirely from scrap has around one-fifth of the greenhouse gas emissions of a tonne of steel made from iron ore.

Does that mean we can all relax, and recycle our way out of the climate crisis? Sadly not.

The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) estimates that the USA now recycles between 70% and 80% of all of its potentially available scrap (AISI, 2021). The World Steel Association (worldsteel) puts the global recycling rate even higher than that, at around 85% for end-of-life scrap.

Then why, despite these impressive recycling rates, is there currently only enough scrap to meet around one-third of the global demand for steel? The main reason is that scrap availability reflects the level of steel production a generation ago, rather than today. Steel production in 1985 was around 720 million tonnes. Today it is around two billion tonnes. Even without taking account of end-of-life recovery and furnace yield losses there is no way to make those numbers add up.

As demand for steel levels off in the future, a higher proportion of that demand will be met from scrap.  In its ‘Sustainable Development Scenario’, in which the end-of-life recycling rate rises to 90%, the IEA estimates that there would be enough scrap to meet 45% of the demand for steel in 2050 (IEA, 2020). That is something to celebrate. But to put it the other way around, it would mean that 55% of the world’s steel – perhaps 1.2 billion tonnes of it – would still be made directly from iron ore.

To have any chance of limiting climate change to ‘well below 2 degrees’ and at the same time respecting the aspirations of 9 to 10 billion people, two things therefore need to happen. Firstly, the vast majority of primary steel will need to be made using ‘near zero’ emission sources of iron – using hydrogen-based direct reduction iron (DRI), direct electrolysis, biofuels, carbon capture or other new processes. And secondly, the electricity used in steelmaking will need to be generated with near zero emissions, whether it is used to power electric arc furnaces, hydrogen production, or direct electrolysis.

Those are the twin challenges for policy makers, steelmakers and steel users, and they apply across the whole sector.

To meet those challenges, they, and we, need to be able to compare the GHG emissions performance of all steelmaking on a like-for-like basis, whether steel is made from 100% scrap, 100% primary iron, or from any ratio of inputs in between – an approach pioneered in the ResponsibleSteel Production Standard, and recommended by the IEA, German Steel Association and others.

So let’s hear it for the recyclers, but also for the ‘near zero’ power generators, and the ‘near zero’ iron innovators.

And for a successful transition to a net-zero steel economy.

By Matthew Wenban-Smith

In the second half of the twentieth century, women's participation in the global workforce grew remarkably. In the United States, female participation in the workforce surged from around 33% in 1948 to over 50% by the late 1970s (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Similarly in Europe, countries like France and Germany saw a rise from around 45% in the 1960s to over 60% by the 1980s (OECD, 2021). And in South America, Brazil also witnessed significant progress, with participation growing from approximately 18% in 1960 to 40% in 1980 (World Bank, 2020).  

Despite these advancements, industries like steel, mining, and metals remained predominantly male-dominated. A 2019 broad analysis of 66 global steel, metals, and mining companies revealed that women made up between just 3% and 29% of the workforce (S&P Global). Within the steel industry specifically, women account for only about 15% of the workforce, a figure that has remained largely unchanged over the past decade (World Steel Association, 2020). These figures illustrate the persistent challenges to achieving gender diversity within the steel and metals sectors, underscoring the need for continued progress.

As workplaces evolve and diversity initiatives gain momentum, more women are entering and excelling in traditionally male-dominated sectors. Their contributions are driving innovation, improving workplace culture, and challenging longstanding societal barriers.  

In recognition of International Women’s Day, ResponsibleSteel is spotlighting a few of the women who are driving change across the steel supply chain – celebrating their impact, resilience, and leadership and emphasising the need for greater diversity and inclusion in the metals sector.  

Above image courtesy of Borçelik

Elle Gatto

Assistant Team Leader - Finished Product Shipping, ArcelorMittal Dofasco

Elle has been with ArcelorMittal Dofasco for just over five years. As an Assistant Team Leader in Finished Product Shipping, she's passionate about working on the floor and ensuring steel moves efficiently. Her department is the last line of defense - she takes great pride in knowing that her role contributes to guaranteeing that only the highest-quality steel reaches customers. For Elle, being part of a team that keeps production running smoothly is rewarding and motivating, and she's looking forward to continuing to grow in the industry.

What is it like to be a woman in the steel industry?

"Being a woman in the steel industry has its challenges, but also presents unique opportunities for growth and leadership. It's empowering to contribute to an industry that is traditionally male-dominated, proving that diversity leads to stronger teams and more creative solutions. While there may be moments of being one of the few women in the room, I see it as a chance to break barriers and inspire the next generation of women in manufacturing and engineering fields."

Stefania Bonaiuti

Supplier Carbon Neutral, SKF

Stefania began her 28-year journey at SKF working in bearing product lines and later serving as the marketing manager for steel-related offerings. Currently, she focuses on Supplier Carbon Neutral deployment. Her career spans sustainability projects aimed at achieving net zero carbon emissions. Her experience in the steel industry and commitment to promoting sustainable practices continue to play an important part in advancing SKF's sustainability initiatives. She values the diverse perspectives women bring to the industry and actively supports gender balance and leadership development programmes at SKF.

What are your hopes for the future of the steel industry?

"Over the years, I have encountered many women in this field who brought diverse perspectives and innovative solutions, which are valuable in an evolving industry. Therefore, ensuring gender diversity remains crucial.

The future of the steel industry holds immense potential, rooted in sustainability, innovation, and inclusivity. Embracing cutting-edge technologies will enhance efficiency and reduce environmental impact. At SKF, we drive innovation with steel products that support our customers' sustainability goals. Collaboration within the industry and with other sectors is essential for sustainable change. We are proud to be part of initiatives like ResponsibleSteel, SteelZero, and RE100. By sharing knowledge and leveraging each other's strengths, we can tackle challenges effectively and drive the industry towards a more sustainable and prosperous future."

It's empowering to contribute to an industry that is traditionally male-dominated, proving that diversity leads to stronger teams and more creative solutions. - Elle Gatto, ArcelorMittal Dofasco

Tuana Çabuk

Production Engineer - Continuous Galvanizing Line, Borçelik

Tuana graduated with a degree in Mechanical Engineering. She has been working as a Production Engineer in the Continuous Galvanizing Line at Borçelik for two years. As a production engineer, she takes part in projects related to occupational safety, production processes, and quality performance of the lines she is responsible for.

What is it like to work in the steel industry?

"The steel industry is highly competitive and involves production processes that require advanced technology. As a result, it demands strong expertise in both engineering and production. Being actively involved in production processes and participating in various projects helps me to develop myself to be a better engineer. Since the steel industry is dynamic and requires technical proficiency, I believe that taking an active role in the manufacturing field, especially as a production engineer, provides a significant advantage.

Although the workforce is predominantly male, I take pride in contributing to the industry and promoting diversity as a female engineer. Gender diversity is a crucial issue, but I believe it should not be measured by having an equal number of men and women in every setting. Instead, it should be achieved by ensuring equal opportunities and a fair working environment for everyone. I feel fortunate to work in an organisation that supports this principle."

Dr. Ankita Gangotra

Senior Manager, World Resources Institute US

Ankita leads WRI's efforts to decarbonise the industrial sector through technology and policy innovation. Her work focuses on decarbonising the cement and steel industries, climate-oriented trade policies, green procurement standards, and fostering international cooperation. Ankita’s work includes advising U.S. policymakers and supporting industrial decarbonisation efforts in countries like India. Previously, she was a postdoctoral research fellow at Georgetown University, where she researched technology and policy options for industrial decarbonisation in the U.S.

What is it like to be a woman working on steel and heavy industry?

"I was apprehensive when starting work on the steel and industrial sector more broadly due to its male-dominated nature, but I’ve been inspired by the incredible women working on steel decarbonisation and their fierce advocacy. It’s been empowering to be surrounded by such passionate colleagues who are driving meaningful change. I hope we can accelerate the pace of steel decarbonisation while ensuring a just and equitable transition that benefits both communities and workers in the sector."

It's been very nice being a mentor and a point of call for other women. I like to think I've made other women in the industry proud. - Ashlea Muscat, BlueScope

Ashlea Muscat

Operations Manager Painting and Finishing Department, BlueScope

Ashlea joined the industry as a cadet in 2014 straight from university. After eleven years in the industry, she now runs the coil painting and finishing department at BlueScope’s Port Kembla Steelworks, looking after 126 people across 3 units and leading on day-to-day management, development, and process improvement across the department. Women now make up over 22% of BlueScope's site operators, a significant increase from 3% in 2017.

How did you get started in the steel industry?

"I first began in the industry as a cadet and I love all of the problem solving and challenging roles that I've held. It's been very nice being a mentor and a point of call for other women. I like to think I've made other women in the industry proud."

Aimee Boulanger

Executive Director, Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance

Aimee has worked on mining issues for over 25 years, with substantial experience in directly affected communities. She has served IRMA’s leadership since 2011 and her role is to guide an organisation which is fully accountable to multi-stakeholder leadership, creating market value for more responsible business practices while ensuring credibility and accountability to all stakeholders.

What are your hopes for the future of the steel and mining sectors?

"I hope for a future where companies that create the products we rely on every day are valued not just for what they make, but for how they make it, ensuring that people, their lands, and their wellbeing are respected at every step. This means greater transparency in industries like mining and steel, so we acknowledge our shared impact and work together to reduce harm. And as we do, I hope we centre the voices of women—whose leadership, labour, and lives are so often overlooked—so that the benefits of industry are shared more equitably by all."

I hope for a future where companies that create the products we rely on every day are valued not just for what they make, but for how they make it... And as we do, I hope we centre the voices of women—whose leadership, labour, and lives are so often overlooked—so that the benefits of industry are shared more equitably by all. - Aimee Boulanger, IRMA

Angelica Olsson

Manager - Safety and Sustainability, Outokumpu

Angelica has worked her whole career in different types of industries. Before joining Outokumpu, she worked for several years in the paper industry as well as in the sawmill industry. She's held various positions, but she has the most experience in Supply Chain Management. She joined Outokumpu in 2018 and her first role was as a Safety Engineer for fire and security issues. Since 2022, she has worked as a Safety & Sustainability Manager.

What is it like to work in the steel industry?

"The steel industry has been by far the most interesting and challenging industry that I’ve worked in. The products we produce are fascinating and we all need to work every day to ensure that the way we produce steel is safe and sustainable. In my role as a Safety & Sustainability Manager, I’m fortunate to work with a great team of safety and sustainability engineers, and together we work hard every day, enabling our mills to produce safe and sustainable stainless steel. I really feel that the work we do makes a difference."

Marnie Bammert

Independent Consultant to ResponsibleSteel

Marnie is an independent consultant with 20 years of experience in developing, implementing and communicating sustainability certification and verification programmes. She has worked with ResponsibleSteel since early 2018. Marnie started her journey in the field of sustainability with oekom Research AG, a rating agency specialised in sustainable and ethical investments. She then moved to the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), holding various positions including Deputy Director Europe. Since then, Marnie has worked as a consultant on projects ranging from protected areas to infrastructure, mining and nature-based solutions.

Why did you first begin working on the steel industry?

"People tend to focus on GHG emissions when discussing sustainability challenges of the steel sector. But the climate crisis cannot be solved in isolation. Working with ResponsibleSteel, I wanted to raise awareness for other important issues that the sector faces - human and labour rights, biodiversity, water stewardship, to name just a few. They are all connected to the climate question. I am proud to have played an instrumental part in creating the ResponsibleSteel Standard since it brings all of those issues together."

I envision a future for steel where much greater systems thinking, as well as intra- and inter- sector collaboration, drives progress - all enriched by the leadership of women. - Jen Carson, Climate Group

Jen Carson

Head of Heavy Industry, Climate Group

Jen Carson leads the strategy and growth of Climate Group's SteelZero and ConcreteZero. With a decade's worth experience working in the sustainability sector, she works to accelerate heavy industry decarbonisation. Jen joined Climate Group in 2021 after leading energy market research as an Associate at Delta-EE in Australia. Previously, she held various roles at Delta-EE, including creating its first cross-technology research service, as well as at The Carbon Trust, Dunelm Energy, and Kier Group.

What are your hopes for the future of the steel industry?

"I envision a future for steel where much greater systems thinking, as well as intra- and inter- sector collaboration, drives progress - all enriched by the leadership of women. By elevating the contribution of the demand side, and championing a competitive, decarbonised future, we will build a resilient steel industry that sets new standards for what is and isn't acceptable."